--- title: Cert™ description: View negative citations on US cases quickly on the vLex platform. --- [Skip to content](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/document-types/case-law/cert-tm#main-content) English Show submenu for translations ![Logo-vLex blanco](https://knowledge.vlex.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Logo%20vLex/Logo-vLex%20blanco.png?width=100&height=52&name=Logo-vLex%20blanco.png) Open main navigation Close main navigation - English Show submenu for translations - [Contact us](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/support-1/contact-us) [Contact us](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/support-1/contact-us?hsLang=en) How can we help you? - There are no suggestions because the search field is empty. 1. [Help Center](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en?hsLang=en) 2. [Document Types](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/document-types?hsLang=en) 3. [Case Law](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/document-types?hsLang=en#case-law) # Cert™ ## View negative citations on US cases quickly on the vLex platform. The information below is only true for United States cases. To see citation information for other jurisdictions, please read our article on [Treatment Types](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/document-types/case-law/treatment-types?hsLang=en) .   Please contact your Account Manager if you cannot see Cert citations and you have access to our US content. Cert shows negative treatments resulting from combining case-to-case citations, relevant language patterns, and appellate history. We have combined superior technology with a dedicated team of lawyers with years of editorial expertise to create a superior review process. ![Screenshot 2025-05-24 112336](https://knowledge.vlex.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Knowledge%20Base%20SS/Screenshot%202025-05-24%20112336.png?width=670&height=126&name=Screenshot%202025-05-24%20112336.png)   Cert is available for the following US courts: - Supreme Court - Federal Circuit Courts For all states and DC\*: - The court of last resort/highest court in the state - Appellate courts \*Does not include Puerto Rico, USVI, Guam, American Samoa, or Tribal.   A negative citator aims to identify the most negative treatment available for each case. Cert focuses on red (warning) and orange (questioned) treatments. They indicate that a point of law has been overturned, disputed, or questioned; or that a case’s precedential value has been impugned in some way. #### Red (Warning) Treatments - Overrule - Vacate - Disavow - Reverse - Abrogate - Supercede   #### Orange (Questioned) Treatments - Criticize - Disagree - Decline to Follow - Decline to Extend   Cert treatments for all cases are updated **weekly** , with special exceptions for highly impactful federal cases. Treatments will be displayed alongside the case name on both the [results page](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/getting-started/search-results?hsLang=en) and within the [case](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/document-types/vlex-case-law?hsLang=en) itself. ![Screenshot 2025-05-24 112353](https://knowledge.vlex.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Knowledge%20Base%20SS/Screenshot%202025-05-24%20112353.png?width=670&height=313&name=Screenshot%202025-05-24%20112353.png) You can view additional details by selecting the treatment. ![Screenshot 2025-05-24 112406](https://knowledge.vlex.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Knowledge%20Base%20SS/Screenshot%202025-05-24%20112406.png?width=670&height=316&name=Screenshot%202025-05-24%20112406.png) The treatments will still show on the [Cited Authorities](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/document-types/case-law/cited-authorities?hsLang=en) and [Cited In](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/document-types/case-law/cited-in?hsLang=en) tabs as normal. - [Getting Started](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/getting-started?hsLang=en#main-content) - [Sign In](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/getting-started?hsLang=en#sign-in) - [Set Up](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/getting-started?hsLang=en#set-up) - [Home Page](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/getting-started?hsLang=en#home-page) - [Searching](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/getting-started?hsLang=en#searching) - [Results Page](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/getting-started?hsLang=en#results-page) - [Document Viewer](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/getting-started?hsLang=en#document-viewer) - [Document Types](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/document-types?hsLang=en#main-content) - [Case Law](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/document-types?hsLang=en#case-law) - [Legislation](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/document-types?hsLang=en#legislation) - [Features](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/features?hsLang=en#main-content) - [Document Management](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/features?hsLang=en#document-management) - [Stay Updated](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/features?hsLang=en#stay-updated) - [Vincent AI](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/vincent-ai?hsLang=en#main-content) - [Research Workflows](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/vincent-ai?hsLang=en#research-workflows) - [Document Workflows](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/vincent-ai?hsLang=en#document-workflows) - [Collections](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/vincent-ai?hsLang=en#collections) - [Vincent AI Features](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/vincent-ai?hsLang=en#vincent-ai-features) - [Support](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/support?hsLang=en#main-content) - [Account Management](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/support?hsLang=en#account-management) - [Frequently Asked Questions](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/support?hsLang=en#frequently-asked-questions) - [Admin Users](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/admin-users?hsLang=en) - [Spain](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/spain?hsLang=en) - [Affiliated Solutions](https://knowledge.vlex.com/en/affiliated-solutions?hsLang=en) [![](https://knowledge.vlex.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Logo_vLex%20(part%20of%20Clio)%20Logo%20Blue.png?width=479&height=297&name=Logo_vLex%20(part%20of%20Clio)%20Logo%20Blue.png)](http://vlex.com?hsLang=en) 123 Waverly Pl., Boston, MA 02135 Copyright © 2025, vLex